Small Business Owner Tax Relief Act of 2022 This bill increases the tax deduction for the payroll taxes of small businesses and imposes an excise tax on corporations for their stock repurchases. The bill allows self-employed taxpayers earning less than $400,000 in a taxable year to deduct three-quarters (currently, one-half) of their payroll taxes. The bill also imposes an excise tax of 0.8% on the fair market value of any stock of a publicly traded domestic corporation that is repurchased by the corporation during the taxable year.