Military School Temporary Uprooting Duty Year Act or the Military STUDY Act This bill permits the military departments to authorize temporary duty status, and travel and transportation allowances, for members who are reassigned between duty stations within the United States for not more than one year for the purpose of participating in professional military education or training classes with orders to return to the duty station of primary residence and where the dependents of such members reside. If the military department assigns permanent duty status to such a member, the member must be eligible for travel and transportation allowances at specified rates, including per diem while traveling between the permanent duty station and professional military education institution or training site.