Civilian Cyber Security Reserve Act This bill authorizes the Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Defense to each create a temporary Civilian Cyber Security Reserve within their agencies to address U.S. cybersecurity needs with respect to national security. Reserve members must be former federal employees or former military personnel, have cybersecurity expertise, and obtain any necessary security clearances, in addition to any other criteria specified by each agency. Membership in the reserves is contingent on a mutual agreement between the agency and the individual. Reserves may consist of different components, with one component obligated to respond to a call to activation and the other not obligated to do so; each agency may establish penalties for those individuals who fail to respond when required. The Government Accountability Office and each agency must evaluate and report on the reserves, including whether they should be made permanent.