Legis Daily

Opposing efforts to delegitimize the State of Israel and the Global Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions Movement targeting Israel.

USA116th CongressHRES-246| House 
| Updated: 7/23/2019
Bradley Scott Schneider

Bradley Scott Schneider

Democratic Representative

Illinois

Cosponsors (250)
Dusty Johnson (Republican)David Schweikert (Republican)Kim Schrier (Democratic)Michael C. Burgess (Republican)Donald Norcross (Democratic)Steve Chabot (Republican)Tim Ryan (Democratic)Bob Gibbs (Republican)Adrian Smith (Republican)David Kustoff (Republican)Mo Brooks (Republican)F. James Sensenbrenner (Republican)Tom O'Halleran (Democratic)John Katko (Republican)Tom Cole (Republican)Elise M. Stefanik (Republican)Kay Granger (Republican)Jared F. Golden (Democratic)Gilbert Ray Cisneros (Democratic)Sylvia R. Garcia (Democratic)Chris Pappas (Democratic)Mark Meadows (Republican)Jared Huffman (Democratic)Marc A. Veasey (Democratic)Steny H. Hoyer (Democratic)Steven M. Palazzo (Republican)Tim Burchett (Republican)Adam B. Schiff (Democratic)Mikie Sherrill (Democratic)Guy Reschenthaler (Republican)Nita M. Lowey (Democratic)Joseph P. Kennedy (Democratic)Tom Malinowski (Democratic)Stephanie N. Murphy (Democratic)Alexander X. Mooney (Republican)Brett Guthrie (Republican)Abigail Davis Spanberger (Democratic)Jim Banks (Republican)Peter T. King (Republican)James R. Langevin (Democratic)Andy Harris (Republican)Steve Stivers (Republican)David N. Cicilline (Democratic)Lee M. Zeldin (Republican)David J. Trone (Democratic)Ed Case (Democratic)Emanuel Cleaver (Democratic)Brian Higgins (Democratic)Chrissy Houlahan (Democratic)Kathleen M. Rice (Democratic)Darren Soto (Democratic)Raul Ruiz (Democratic)Derek Kilmer (Democratic)Jefferson Van Drew (Republican)John A. Yarmuth (Democratic)Rick W. Allen (Republican)John Ratcliffe (Republican)Ben Ray Luján (Democratic)Carolyn B. Maloney (Democratic)Van Taylor (Republican)Bill Foster (Democratic)Max Rose (Democratic)Joe Courtney (Democratic)Darin LaHood (Republican)Lance Gooden (Republican)Kevin Brady (Republican)Eliot L. Engel (Democratic)Glenn Thompson (Republican)Frederica S. Wilson (Democratic)Juan Vargas (Democratic)Jackie Walorski (Republican)Steven Horsford (Democratic)Andy Levin (Democratic)Ken Buck (Republican)Jimmy Panetta (Democratic)J. Luis Correa (Democratic)Eric Swalwell (Democratic)Dina Titus (Democratic)Michael F. Doyle (Democratic)John R. Curtis (Republican)Greg Walden (Republican)Madeleine Dean (Democratic)Steve Cohen (Democratic)Tony Cárdenas (Democratic)Andy Biggs (Republican)Susan A. Davis (Democratic)Suzan K. DelBene (Democratic)Scott H. Peters (Democratic)Doug Collins (Republican)Angie Craig (Democratic)Tim Walberg (Republican)Thomas R. Suozzi (Democratic)John P. Sarbanes (Democratic)Earl L. "Buddy" Carter (Republican)Rosa L. DeLauro (Democratic)Billy Long (Republican)Collin C. Peterson (Democratic)Haley M. Stevens (Democratic)Anthony G. Brown (Democratic)Rob Bishop (Republican)Adriano Espaillat (Democratic)Michael Waltz (Republican)Lucille Roybal-Allard (Democratic)Ken Calvert (Republican)Vicente Gonzalez (Democratic)Ted Lieu (Democratic)Greg Gianforte (Republican)Ro Khanna (Democratic)Jason Smith (Republican)A. Donald McEachin (Democratic)Lloyd Smucker (Republican)Greg Stanton (Democratic)Ralph Lee Abraham (Republican)Alan S. Lowenthal (Democratic)Kenny Marchant (Republican)Gus M. Bilirakis (Republican)Steve Scalise (Republican)Sean Patrick Maloney (Democratic)Kurt Schrader (Democratic)Paul Mitchell (Independent)Bill Flores (Republican)Don Bacon (Republican)Brendan F. Boyle (Democratic)Mario Diaz-Balart (Republican)Katie Hill (Democratic)Matt Cartwright (Democratic)David P. Joyce (Republican)Carol D. Miller (Republican)Jodey C. Arrington (Republican)Jim Cooper (Democratic)Joseph D. Morelle (Democratic)Joe Cunningham (Democratic)Elaine G. Luria (Democratic)Ann Wagner (Republican)Rodney Davis (Republican)Mike Kelly (Republican)Mike D. Rogers (Republican)Richard Hudson (Republican)Roger Williams (Republican)Gregory W. Meeks (Democratic)Dean Phillips (Democratic)Hakeem S. Jeffries (Democratic)Kelly Armstrong (Republican)Raja Krishnamoorthi (Democratic)James A. Himes (Democratic)Jerrold Nadler (Democratic)Theodore E. Deutch (Democratic)Will Hurd (Republican)Chris Collins (Republican)Denver Riggleman (Republican)Glenn Grothman (Republican)Anna G. Eshoo (Democratic)Brian J. Mast (Republican)Anthony Brindisi (Democratic)Ami Bera (Democratic)Mark Takano (Democratic)W. Gregory Steube (Republican)John R. Moolenaar (Republican)John H. Rutherford (Republican)Lucy McBath (Democratic)Kathy Castor (Democratic)Charles J. "Chuck" Fleischmann (Republican)James Comer (Republican)Sharice Davids (Democratic)Brad Sherman (Democratic)Mark E. Green (Republican)Blaine Luetkemeyer (Republican)Mike Gallagher (Republican)Daniel Lipinski (Democratic)Norma J. Torres (Democratic)Mark Walker (Republican)Antonio Delgado (Democratic)Conor Lamb (Democratic)Anthony Gonzalez (Republican)Abby Finkenauer (Democratic)Michael T. McCaul (Republican)Salud O. Carbajal (Democratic)Jamie Raskin (Democratic)Jim Costa (Democratic)Joe Neguse (Democratic)Mark E. Amodei (Republican)Mike Quigley (Democratic)Cynthia Axne (Democratic)Lois Frankel (Democratic)Debbie Mucarsel-Powell (Democratic)Mike Bost (Republican)Diana DeGette (Democratic)Scott DesJarlais (Republican)Janice D. Schakowsky (Democratic)Andy Kim (Democratic)Michael R. Turner (Republican)Mac Thornberry (Republican)Ron Kind (Democratic)Ron Wright (Republican)Nydia M. Velázquez (Democratic)Julia Brownley (Democratic)Debbie Lesko (Republican)Steve Watkins (Republican)Yvette D. Clarke (Democratic)Adam Kinzinger (Republican)Bradley Byrne (Republican)John W. Rose (Republican)Tom Emmer (Republican)Albio Sires (Democratic)Dan Crenshaw (Republican)Brian K. Fitzpatrick (Republican)Colin Z. Allred (Democratic)Bill Huizenga (Republican)Tom Reed (Republican)TJ Cox (Democratic)Charlie Crist (Democratic)Robert E. Latta (Republican)Elissa Slotkin (Democratic)Bill Posey (Republican)Kendra S. Horn (Democratic)Suzanne Bonamici (Democratic)Randy K. Sr. Weber (Republican)Lizzie Fletcher (Democratic)Virginia Foxx (Republican)Josh Gottheimer (Democratic)Linda T. Sánchez (Democratic)Scott R. Tipton (Republican)Nanette Diaz Barragán (Democratic)George Holding (Republican)Ralph Norman (Republican)Donna E. Shalala (Democratic)Jason Crow (Democratic)Frank Pallone (Democratic)Jimmy Gomez (Democratic)Susie Lee (Democratic)Grace Meng (Democratic)Cheri Bustos (Democratic)Cathy McMorris Rodgers (Republican)Alcee L. Hastings (Democratic)Ted Budd (Republican)Bill Johnson (Republican)Jaime Herrera Beutler (Republican)David P. Roe (Republican)Debbie Wasserman Schultz (Democratic)Troy Balderson (Republican)Brian Babin (Republican)Bill Pascrell (Democratic)Patrick T. McHenry (Republican)Grace F. Napolitano (Democratic)Ross Spano (Republican)Susan Wild (Democratic)Bryan Steil (Republican)Mike Levin (Democratic)Vern Buchanan (Republican)Judy Chu (Democratic)

Foreign Affairs Committee, Financial Services Committee, Judiciary Committee, Science, Space, and Technology Committee

  • Introduced
  • In Committee
  • On Floor
  • Passed Chamber
  • Enacted
This resolution opposes the Global Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions Movement and other efforts targeting Israel. The resolution urges both sides to return to direct negotiations and expresses support for a solution resulting in the state of Israel existing alongside a democratic Palestinian state. It also affirms the right of U.S. citizens to free speech, including the right to protest or criticize U.S. or foreign government policies.

Bill Text Versions

View Text
2 versions available

Suggested Questions

Get AI-generated questions to help you understand this bill better

Timeline
Mar 21, 2019
Introduced in House
Mar 21, 2019
Referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the Committees on Financial Services, Science, Space, and Technology, and the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
Mar 25, 2019

Latest Companion Bill Action

SRES 116-120
Introduced in Senate
Jul 17, 2019
Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held.
Jul 17, 2019
Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by Unanimous Consent.
Jul 23, 2019
Mr. Engel moved to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution, as amended.
Jul 23, 2019
Considered under suspension of the rules. (consideration: CR H7181-7188)
Jul 23, 2019
DEBATE - The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H. Res. 246.
Jul 23, 2019
At the conclusion of debate, the Yeas and Nays were demanded and ordered. Pursuant to the provisions of clause 8, rule XX, the Chair announced that further proceedings on the motion would be postponed.
Jul 23, 2019
Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H7222)
Jul 23, 2019
On motion to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution, as amended Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 398 - 17, 5 Present (Roll no. 497). (text: CR H7181-7182)
View Vote
Jul 23, 2019
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
  • March 21, 2019
    Introduced in House


  • March 21, 2019
    Referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the Committees on Financial Services, Science, Space, and Technology, and the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.


  • March 25, 2019

    Latest Companion Bill Action

    SRES 116-120
    Introduced in Senate


  • July 17, 2019
    Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held.


  • July 17, 2019
    Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by Unanimous Consent.


  • July 23, 2019
    Mr. Engel moved to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution, as amended.


  • July 23, 2019
    Considered under suspension of the rules. (consideration: CR H7181-7188)


  • July 23, 2019
    DEBATE - The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H. Res. 246.


  • July 23, 2019
    At the conclusion of debate, the Yeas and Nays were demanded and ordered. Pursuant to the provisions of clause 8, rule XX, the Chair announced that further proceedings on the motion would be postponed.


  • July 23, 2019
    Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H7222)


  • July 23, 2019
    On motion to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution, as amended Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 398 - 17, 5 Present (Roll no. 497). (text: CR H7181-7182)
    View Vote


  • July 23, 2019
    Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.

International Affairs

Arab-Israeli relationsConflicts and warsDiplomacy, foreign officials, Americans abroadForeign aid and international reliefInternational organizations and cooperationIsraelMiddle EastPalestiniansProtest and dissentSanctionsSovereignty, recognition, national governance and status

Opposing efforts to delegitimize the State of Israel and the Global Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions Movement targeting Israel.

USA116th CongressHRES-246| House 
| Updated: 7/23/2019
This resolution opposes the Global Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions Movement and other efforts targeting Israel. The resolution urges both sides to return to direct negotiations and expresses support for a solution resulting in the state of Israel existing alongside a democratic Palestinian state. It also affirms the right of U.S. citizens to free speech, including the right to protest or criticize U.S. or foreign government policies.

Bill Text Versions

View Text
2 versions available

Suggested Questions

Get AI-generated questions to help you understand this bill better

Timeline
Mar 21, 2019
Introduced in House
Mar 21, 2019
Referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the Committees on Financial Services, Science, Space, and Technology, and the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
Mar 25, 2019

Latest Companion Bill Action

SRES 116-120
Introduced in Senate
Jul 17, 2019
Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held.
Jul 17, 2019
Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by Unanimous Consent.
Jul 23, 2019
Mr. Engel moved to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution, as amended.
Jul 23, 2019
Considered under suspension of the rules. (consideration: CR H7181-7188)
Jul 23, 2019
DEBATE - The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H. Res. 246.
Jul 23, 2019
At the conclusion of debate, the Yeas and Nays were demanded and ordered. Pursuant to the provisions of clause 8, rule XX, the Chair announced that further proceedings on the motion would be postponed.
Jul 23, 2019
Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H7222)
Jul 23, 2019
On motion to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution, as amended Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 398 - 17, 5 Present (Roll no. 497). (text: CR H7181-7182)
View Vote
Jul 23, 2019
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
  • March 21, 2019
    Introduced in House


  • March 21, 2019
    Referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the Committees on Financial Services, Science, Space, and Technology, and the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.


  • March 25, 2019

    Latest Companion Bill Action

    SRES 116-120
    Introduced in Senate


  • July 17, 2019
    Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held.


  • July 17, 2019
    Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by Unanimous Consent.


  • July 23, 2019
    Mr. Engel moved to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution, as amended.


  • July 23, 2019
    Considered under suspension of the rules. (consideration: CR H7181-7188)


  • July 23, 2019
    DEBATE - The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H. Res. 246.


  • July 23, 2019
    At the conclusion of debate, the Yeas and Nays were demanded and ordered. Pursuant to the provisions of clause 8, rule XX, the Chair announced that further proceedings on the motion would be postponed.


  • July 23, 2019
    Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H7222)


  • July 23, 2019
    On motion to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution, as amended Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 398 - 17, 5 Present (Roll no. 497). (text: CR H7181-7182)
    View Vote


  • July 23, 2019
    Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
Bradley Scott Schneider

Bradley Scott Schneider

Democratic Representative

Illinois

Cosponsors (250)
Dusty Johnson (Republican)David Schweikert (Republican)Kim Schrier (Democratic)Michael C. Burgess (Republican)Donald Norcross (Democratic)Steve Chabot (Republican)Tim Ryan (Democratic)Bob Gibbs (Republican)Adrian Smith (Republican)David Kustoff (Republican)Mo Brooks (Republican)F. James Sensenbrenner (Republican)Tom O'Halleran (Democratic)John Katko (Republican)Tom Cole (Republican)Elise M. Stefanik (Republican)Kay Granger (Republican)Jared F. Golden (Democratic)Gilbert Ray Cisneros (Democratic)Sylvia R. Garcia (Democratic)Chris Pappas (Democratic)Mark Meadows (Republican)Jared Huffman (Democratic)Marc A. Veasey (Democratic)Steny H. Hoyer (Democratic)Steven M. Palazzo (Republican)Tim Burchett (Republican)Adam B. Schiff (Democratic)Mikie Sherrill (Democratic)Guy Reschenthaler (Republican)Nita M. Lowey (Democratic)Joseph P. Kennedy (Democratic)Tom Malinowski (Democratic)Stephanie N. Murphy (Democratic)Alexander X. Mooney (Republican)Brett Guthrie (Republican)Abigail Davis Spanberger (Democratic)Jim Banks (Republican)Peter T. King (Republican)James R. Langevin (Democratic)Andy Harris (Republican)Steve Stivers (Republican)David N. Cicilline (Democratic)Lee M. Zeldin (Republican)David J. Trone (Democratic)Ed Case (Democratic)Emanuel Cleaver (Democratic)Brian Higgins (Democratic)Chrissy Houlahan (Democratic)Kathleen M. Rice (Democratic)Darren Soto (Democratic)Raul Ruiz (Democratic)Derek Kilmer (Democratic)Jefferson Van Drew (Republican)John A. Yarmuth (Democratic)Rick W. Allen (Republican)John Ratcliffe (Republican)Ben Ray Luján (Democratic)Carolyn B. Maloney (Democratic)Van Taylor (Republican)Bill Foster (Democratic)Max Rose (Democratic)Joe Courtney (Democratic)Darin LaHood (Republican)Lance Gooden (Republican)Kevin Brady (Republican)Eliot L. Engel (Democratic)Glenn Thompson (Republican)Frederica S. Wilson (Democratic)Juan Vargas (Democratic)Jackie Walorski (Republican)Steven Horsford (Democratic)Andy Levin (Democratic)Ken Buck (Republican)Jimmy Panetta (Democratic)J. Luis Correa (Democratic)Eric Swalwell (Democratic)Dina Titus (Democratic)Michael F. Doyle (Democratic)John R. Curtis (Republican)Greg Walden (Republican)Madeleine Dean (Democratic)Steve Cohen (Democratic)Tony Cárdenas (Democratic)Andy Biggs (Republican)Susan A. Davis (Democratic)Suzan K. DelBene (Democratic)Scott H. Peters (Democratic)Doug Collins (Republican)Angie Craig (Democratic)Tim Walberg (Republican)Thomas R. Suozzi (Democratic)John P. Sarbanes (Democratic)Earl L. "Buddy" Carter (Republican)Rosa L. DeLauro (Democratic)Billy Long (Republican)Collin C. Peterson (Democratic)Haley M. Stevens (Democratic)Anthony G. Brown (Democratic)Rob Bishop (Republican)Adriano Espaillat (Democratic)Michael Waltz (Republican)Lucille Roybal-Allard (Democratic)Ken Calvert (Republican)Vicente Gonzalez (Democratic)Ted Lieu (Democratic)Greg Gianforte (Republican)Ro Khanna (Democratic)Jason Smith (Republican)A. Donald McEachin (Democratic)Lloyd Smucker (Republican)Greg Stanton (Democratic)Ralph Lee Abraham (Republican)Alan S. Lowenthal (Democratic)Kenny Marchant (Republican)Gus M. Bilirakis (Republican)Steve Scalise (Republican)Sean Patrick Maloney (Democratic)Kurt Schrader (Democratic)Paul Mitchell (Independent)Bill Flores (Republican)Don Bacon (Republican)Brendan F. Boyle (Democratic)Mario Diaz-Balart (Republican)Katie Hill (Democratic)Matt Cartwright (Democratic)David P. Joyce (Republican)Carol D. Miller (Republican)Jodey C. Arrington (Republican)Jim Cooper (Democratic)Joseph D. Morelle (Democratic)Joe Cunningham (Democratic)Elaine G. Luria (Democratic)Ann Wagner (Republican)Rodney Davis (Republican)Mike Kelly (Republican)Mike D. Rogers (Republican)Richard Hudson (Republican)Roger Williams (Republican)Gregory W. Meeks (Democratic)Dean Phillips (Democratic)Hakeem S. Jeffries (Democratic)Kelly Armstrong (Republican)Raja Krishnamoorthi (Democratic)James A. Himes (Democratic)Jerrold Nadler (Democratic)Theodore E. Deutch (Democratic)Will Hurd (Republican)Chris Collins (Republican)Denver Riggleman (Republican)Glenn Grothman (Republican)Anna G. Eshoo (Democratic)Brian J. Mast (Republican)Anthony Brindisi (Democratic)Ami Bera (Democratic)Mark Takano (Democratic)W. Gregory Steube (Republican)John R. Moolenaar (Republican)John H. Rutherford (Republican)Lucy McBath (Democratic)Kathy Castor (Democratic)Charles J. "Chuck" Fleischmann (Republican)James Comer (Republican)Sharice Davids (Democratic)Brad Sherman (Democratic)Mark E. Green (Republican)Blaine Luetkemeyer (Republican)Mike Gallagher (Republican)Daniel Lipinski (Democratic)Norma J. Torres (Democratic)Mark Walker (Republican)Antonio Delgado (Democratic)Conor Lamb (Democratic)Anthony Gonzalez (Republican)Abby Finkenauer (Democratic)Michael T. McCaul (Republican)Salud O. Carbajal (Democratic)Jamie Raskin (Democratic)Jim Costa (Democratic)Joe Neguse (Democratic)Mark E. Amodei (Republican)Mike Quigley (Democratic)Cynthia Axne (Democratic)Lois Frankel (Democratic)Debbie Mucarsel-Powell (Democratic)Mike Bost (Republican)Diana DeGette (Democratic)Scott DesJarlais (Republican)Janice D. Schakowsky (Democratic)Andy Kim (Democratic)Michael R. Turner (Republican)Mac Thornberry (Republican)Ron Kind (Democratic)Ron Wright (Republican)Nydia M. Velázquez (Democratic)Julia Brownley (Democratic)Debbie Lesko (Republican)Steve Watkins (Republican)Yvette D. Clarke (Democratic)Adam Kinzinger (Republican)Bradley Byrne (Republican)John W. Rose (Republican)Tom Emmer (Republican)Albio Sires (Democratic)Dan Crenshaw (Republican)Brian K. Fitzpatrick (Republican)Colin Z. Allred (Democratic)Bill Huizenga (Republican)Tom Reed (Republican)TJ Cox (Democratic)Charlie Crist (Democratic)Robert E. Latta (Republican)Elissa Slotkin (Democratic)Bill Posey (Republican)Kendra S. Horn (Democratic)Suzanne Bonamici (Democratic)Randy K. Sr. Weber (Republican)Lizzie Fletcher (Democratic)Virginia Foxx (Republican)Josh Gottheimer (Democratic)Linda T. Sánchez (Democratic)Scott R. Tipton (Republican)Nanette Diaz Barragán (Democratic)George Holding (Republican)Ralph Norman (Republican)Donna E. Shalala (Democratic)Jason Crow (Democratic)Frank Pallone (Democratic)Jimmy Gomez (Democratic)Susie Lee (Democratic)Grace Meng (Democratic)Cheri Bustos (Democratic)Cathy McMorris Rodgers (Republican)Alcee L. Hastings (Democratic)Ted Budd (Republican)Bill Johnson (Republican)Jaime Herrera Beutler (Republican)David P. Roe (Republican)Debbie Wasserman Schultz (Democratic)Troy Balderson (Republican)Brian Babin (Republican)Bill Pascrell (Democratic)Patrick T. McHenry (Republican)Grace F. Napolitano (Democratic)Ross Spano (Republican)Susan Wild (Democratic)Bryan Steil (Republican)Mike Levin (Democratic)Vern Buchanan (Republican)Judy Chu (Democratic)

Foreign Affairs Committee, Financial Services Committee, Judiciary Committee, Science, Space, and Technology Committee

International Affairs

  • Introduced
  • In Committee
  • On Floor
  • Passed Chamber
  • Enacted
Arab-Israeli relationsConflicts and warsDiplomacy, foreign officials, Americans abroadForeign aid and international reliefInternational organizations and cooperationIsraelMiddle EastPalestiniansProtest and dissentSanctionsSovereignty, recognition, national governance and status