Afghanistan Security and Reconstruction Transparency Act This bill directs the Department of Defense (DOD) to make publicly available certain data and conduct assessments related to the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF). Specifically, DOD shall make publicly available all data related to ANDSF performance, including attrition rates and information about the operational readiness of Afghan National Army and Afghan National Police equipment. DOD shall also produce district-level stability assessments of Afghan government and insurgent control and influence and make such assessments publicly available.