Esther Martinez Native American Languages Preservation Act (Sec. 2) This bill amends the Native American Programs Act of 1974 to revise a grant program administered by the Administration for Native Americans at the Department of Health and Human Services to ensure the survival and continuing vitality of Native American languages. The minimum number of enrollees in educational programs funded by grants is reduced from 10 to 5 enrollees in Native American language nests and from 15 to 10 enrollees in the Native American language survival schools. The bill increases the maximum duration of grants. (Sec. 3) The program is reauthorized through FY2023.