Social Security Fraud Prevention Act of 2017 (Sec. 2) This bill prohibits federal departments and agencies from including the Social Security account number of any individual on any document sent by mail unless the department or agency head determines that inclusion of that Social Security number on the document is necessary. Departments and agencies must issue regulations within one year of this bill's enactment that specify the circumstances under which the inclusion of Social Security account numbers on mailed documents is necessary.