Child Welfare Oversight and Accountability Act of 2017 This bill address foster care services in state child welfare programs, including the use of private, for-profit foster care services. Specifically, the bill: supports states placing children with family members, including by providing financial support to states for all children placed with family members, not just children removed from poor families; expands oversight of state child welfare systems, including by requiring states to annually review child fatalities from maltreatment; establishes workload and training standards for child welfare workers; requires states to assess and report to the Department of Health and Human Services on the performance of foster care providers; and gives an individual who is or was a child in foster care the right to seek relief in civil court if a state fails to meet certain case plan and case review requirements.