Science Laureates of the United States Act of 2017 This bill directs the National Science Foundation (NSF) to establish the position of Science Laureate of the United States to honor the service of scientists. The NSF shall appoint a Science Laureate from three individuals to be nominated each year by the National Academy of Sciences on the basis of merit, particularly the ability to foster public awareness and interest in science and to provide ongoing significant scientific contributions. Each Science Laureate shall engage the public to increase public awareness about science and is encouraged to continue his or her scientific work.