REcovering and COllecting Unclaimed federal Property Act of 2017 or the RECOUP Act This bill authorizes the Department of the Treasury to: (1) locate and recover assets of the U.S. government on behalf of any executive, judicial, or legislative agency; and (2) retain a portion of the amounts recovered to cover the administrative and operational costs of Treasury for locating and recovering the assets. Any savings from carrying out this bill must be transferred to the general fund of the Treasury for deficit reduction.