STOP Straw Purchases Act This bill amends the federal criminal code to establish new offenses: for inducing another person to make false statements to a licensed gun dealer about the actual identity of a firearm purchaser, and for obtaining a firearm by inducing another person to make false statements to a licensed gun dealer claiming to be the actual firearm purchaser. Additionally, it establishes an enhanced penalty for a criminal offense involving a false statement to a licensed gun dealer in connection with a firearm acquisition, if the false statement misrepresents the actual identify of a firearm purchaser. Finally, the bill directs the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives to include, on the Firearms Transaction Record form, a statement outlining penalties for acting as the straw purchaser of a firearm.