Federal Opioid Response Fairness Act of 2017 This bill amends the 21st Century Cures Act to alter the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration opioid grant program for states. Specifically, the bill alters the criteria for the award of grants by prioritizing states with an increasingly high rate of opioid-use disorders and a comparatively high prevalence of opioid-use disorder adverse health effects and per capita overdose mortality rates.