Contractor Accountability and Workplace Safety Act of 2017 This bill requires contracting officers of the Department of Defense (DOD), before awarding or renewing a contract for the procurement of property or services, including construction, valued over $1 million, to consider any identified violations of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSHA) or equivalent state laws by the offeror and any subcontractors. The bill requires DOD to: (1) establish policies and practices with respect to responsibility determinations for contractors, and (2) protect the rights of contractors to protest bids and appeal actions taken under this bill. The Government Accountability Office must report on the health and safety records of DOD contractors.