Leveraging Performance-Based Transportation Services Act of 2017 This bill authorizes an owner or operator of a leveraged system to submit directly to the National Transit Database data regarding the public transportation service provided by the system. "Leveraged system" means a provider of public transportation services, whether public or private, including commuter bus services and services provided by a private provider of public transportation by vanpool that the Department of Transportation determines: (1) is able to recover, through fare revenue or payments made directly by the provider, all operating costs associated with the services; (2) meets Federal Transit Administration requirements with respect to the provision of services; and (3) does not negatively impact other publicly subsidized or privately provided public transportation services. The data submitted by the owner or operator of a leveraged system to the National Transit Database shall be used by DOT in calculating apportionments for capital payments. A public transportation service meets the requirements of this bill unless the service: (1) overlaps or directly competes with a service provided by the designated recipient concerned and has a direct effect on such service, including a projected ridership reduction of more than 3% along a corridor served by the designated recipient; or (2) is provided by a service provider that has fewer than 10 vehicles serving the recipient's designated area.