To direct the Secretary of Health and Human Services to conduct or support a comprehensive study comparing total health outcomes, including risk of autism, in vaccinated populations in the United States with such outcomes in unvaccinated populations in the United States, and for other purposes.

Vaccine Safety Study Act This bill requires the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to conduct or support a study to: (1) compare total health outcomes, including the incidence and risk of autism, between vaccinated and unvaccinated U.S. populations; and (2) determine whether exposure to vaccines or vaccine components is associated with autism spectrum disorders, chronic conditions, or other neurological conditions. The NIH must: (1) seek to include in the study populations that have traditionally remained unvaccinated for religious or other reasons, and (2) ensure the preservation of all data collected or used for the study to facilitate further research by the NIH or others.