Congressional Self-Defense Act This bill amends the federal criminal code to allow a Member of Congress who is carrying a valid Member identification document and who is not otherwise prohibited from transporting, shipping, or receiving a firearm to carry a concealed firearm for any lawful purpose: (1) in the U.S. Capitol only as authorized by regulations issued by the Capitol Police Board; and (2) anywhere else in the United States, except where the U.S. Secret Service is protecting the President or Vice President and prohibiting the possession of a firearm.