Fair Allocation of Highway Funds Act of 2017 This bill revises the methodology for apportioning federal highway funds among states for each of FY2018-FY2020. Specifically, the bill adjusts each state's apportionment based not only on certain tax payments attributable to highway users in the state, but also on other federal taxes collected in the state relative to such taxes collected in all states. The bill also caps the apportionment that each state may receive.